『ソマリア内戦 正義という名の虐殺～国連平和執行部隊の実態～』
ソマリアは、アフリカの東海岸に面し、海を挟んで北にサウジアラビア、西と南にエチオピアとケニアに隣接した国です。
その地形から”アフリカの角”と呼ばれています。
単一民族のソマリ族が人口の大半を占め、
ほとんどがスンニ派イスラム教徒です。
しかし、単一民族とは言うものの、ソマリアには多くの氏族部族がおり、氏族間、部族間の抗争も絶えませんでした。
1960年にイギリス及びイタリアの植民地支配から独立しましたが、
独裁政権に不満を抱く氏族が反政府組織を結成したため、1988年に内戦が勃発。
その後、暫定政権が樹立されたものの、アイディード将軍派が暫定政権に反発。
国内はアイディード派とモハメド暫定政権大統領との武力抗争に発展し、
首都モガディシオを中心に戦闘が繰り広げられていました。
内戦と干ばつで、人口の半分に当たる約400万人が飢えに苦しみ、
1日に数干人もの死者が出ていました。
そこで、人道援助物資の輸送ルートを確保するという目的で、
国連安全保障理事会が1992年12月、
アメリカを中心とする多国籍軍を派遣したのです。
この多国籍軍の主導権はアメリカ軍にありました。
その後、アメリカ軍は指揮権を国連に引渡し、
第2次国連ソマリア活動が始まります。
これをUNOSOMⅡといいます。ソマリアにおける「平和執行活動」の始まりです。
▼用語解説
PKO
Peace Keeping Operations 平和維持活動。
紛争の拡大防止・休戦協定履行監視・ 選挙監視のため国連加盟国が自発的に提供した要員を
国連が編成し・派遣すること。 非武装の監視団と軽武装の平和維持軍からなる。
PKF
Peace Keeping Forces 国連平和維持軍 平和執行部隊
Peace Enforcement Units 停戦合意が実行されない場合に
その合意を回復・ 維持するために国連加盟国から自発的に提供される部隊。
自衛のための軽装備の 武器使用しか許されない通常の平和維持軍より重装備が許される。
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